Pandemi dan Bentuk Diskriminasi Baru: Sebuah Kritik Terhadap Perilaku Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Wabah Covid-19
Authors
Arif WidodoDOI:
10.29303/juridiksiam.v7i2.138Published:
2020-12-30Issue:
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2020): JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SOSIAL KEBERAGAMANKeywords:
new discrimination, social criticism, community behavior, covid-19 outbreakArticles
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Widodo, A. (2020). Pandemi dan Bentuk Diskriminasi Baru: Sebuah Kritik Terhadap Perilaku Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Wabah Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Keberagaman, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29303/juridiksiam.v7i2.138
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThe social aspect is one of the areas most affected by the Covid-19 outbreak. In addition to maintaining cleanliness, social restrictions are considered the most effective steps to avoid contracting Covid-19. Community response in the social field has given rise to a new phenomenon, namely the emergence of discrimination. This study aims to reveal the causes and forms of discrimination during the Covid-19 outbreak. This research uses a phenomenological approach. This approach is used to understand and describe in detail related to phenomena that occur in society during a pandemic. Data collection through interviews and participatory observation. Research location in the city of Mataram. The issues to be examined in this study include: Why did discrimination occur? What forms of discrimination existed in the community during the pandemic? The results showed that discriminatory behavior occurs because of excessive fear in responding to Covid-19. New forms of discrimination that emerged in the pandemic era included policy discrimination, worship discrimination, and social discrimination. Policy discrimination can be seen from the different treatments and regulations in areas that have the potential to become epidemics. Discrimination in worship can be seen from the restrictions on the use of places of worship for people outside the community. Social discrimination is manifested by mutual suspicion, isolation of migrants, isolation of sick people, reluctance to help sick people, isolation of people who are indicated by COVID, antipathy towards strangers, and the creation of an inclusive environment. These new forms of discrimination are contradictory to the genuine character of the Indonesian people who are friendly, family, uphold the values of justice, and help each other if you experience difficulties. Covid-19 has formed a mind that tends to look for life alone without caring about others. ABSTRAKAspek sosial merupakan salah satu bidang yang paling banyak terdampak dengan adanya wabah Covid-19. Selain menjaga kebersihan, melakukan pembatasan sosial merupakan langkah yang dianggap paling efektif agar tidak terjangkit Covid-19. Respon masyarakat dalam bidang sosial telah menimbulkan fenomena baru yaitu munculnya diskriminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap penyebab dan bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi selama wabah Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan ini digunakan untuk memahami dan menggambarkan secara detail terkait dengan fenomena yang terjadi di masyarakat selama pandemi. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan observasi partisipasi. Lokasi penelitian di kota Mataram. Masalah yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini antara lain: Mengapa diskriminasi itu terjadi? Bagaimana bentuk diskriminasi yang ada di dalam masyarakat selama pandemi? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku diskriminasi terjadi karena adanya ketakutan yang berlebihan dalam menanggapi Covid-19. Bentuk diskriminasi barau yang muncul di era pandemi antara lain diskriminasi kebijakan, diskriminasi peribadahan dan diskriminasi sosial. Diskriminasi kebijakan dapat terlihat dari adanya perbedaan perlakuan dan peraturan terhadap bidang-bidang yang berpotensi menjadi tempat penyebaran wabah. Diskriminasi peribadahan terlihat dari adanya pembatasan penggunaan tempat ibadah bagi masyarakat di luar komunitas. Diskriminasi sosial diwujudkan dengan adanya sikap saling mencurigai, pengucilan terhadap para perantau, pengucilan terhadap orang yang sakit, enggan membantu orang yang sakit, pengucilan terhadap orang yang terindikasi Covid, antipati terhadap orang asing dan terbentuknya lingkungan inklusif. Bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi baru tersebut kontradiktif dengan karakter asli bangsa Indonesia yang ramah, kekeluargaan, menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai keadilan dan saling membantu jika saudara mengalami kesusahan. Covid-19 telah membentuk mental yang cenderung mencari hidup sendiri tanpa peduli orang lain.References
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Andersen, M. (2020). Early Evidence on Social Distancing in Response to COVID-19 in the United States. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569368
Bavel, J. J. Van, Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., … Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
Bledsoe, T. A., Jokela, J. A., Deep, N. N., & Snyder Sulmasy, L. (2020). Universal Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders, Social Worth, and Life-Years: Opposing Discriminatory Approaches to the Allocation of Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Health System Catastrophes. Annals of Internal Medicine, M20-1862. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1862
Bo, H.-X., Li, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., … Xiang, Y.-T. (2020). Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychological Medicine, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720000999
Chung‑Ying, L. (2020). Social Reaction toward the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID‑19) With. Social Health and Behavior, (March), 2–3. https://doi.org/10.4103/SHB.SHB
Cinelli, M., Quattrociocchi, W., Galeazzi, A., Valensise, C. M., Brugnoli, E., Schmidt, A. L., … Scala, A. (2020). The COVID-19 Social Media Infodemic. 1–18. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05004
Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., & Wilder-Smith, A. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, Maret, 368. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa031
Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S. S., & Abubakar, I. (2020). Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses. The Lancet, 395(10231), 1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30792-3
Fisher, D., & Wilder-Smith, A. (2020). The global community needs to swiftly ramp up the response to contain COVID-19. The Lancet, 395(10230), 1109–1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30679-6
He, J., He, L., Zhou, W., Nie, X., & He, M. (2020). Discrimination and Social Exclusion in the Outbreak of COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082933
Indraswati, D., Widodo, A., Rahmatih, A. N., Maulyda, M. A., & Erfan, M. (2020). Implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak dan Keluarga di SDN 2 Hegarsari, SDN Kaligintung, dan SDN 1 Sangkawana. JKKP : Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan, 7(1), 51–62.
Kantamneni, N. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marginalized populations in the United States: A research agenda. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 103439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103439
Kouzy, R., Abi Jaoude, J., Kraitem, A., El Alam, M. B., Karam, B., Adib, E., … Baddour, K. (2020). Coronavirus Goes Viral: Quantifying the COVID-19 Misinformation Epidemic on Twitter. Cureus, 12(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7255
La, V. P., Pham, T. H., Ho, M. T., Nguyen, M. H., Nguyen, K. L. P., Vuong, T. T., … Vuong, Q. H. (2020). Policy response, social media and science journalism for the sustainability of the public health system amid the COVID-19 outbreak: The vietnam lessons. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072931
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Llewellyn, S. (2020). Covid-19: how to be careful with trust and expertise on social media. BMJ, 368(March), m1160. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1160
Marston, H. R., Musselwhite, C., & Hadley, R. (2020). COVID-19 vs Social Isolation: the Impact Technology can have on Communities, Social Connections and Citizens. Ageing Issues, (2019), 1–6. Retrieved from https://ageingissues.wordpress.com/2020/03/18/covid-19-vs-social-isolation-the-impact-technology-can-have-on-communities-social-connections-
Matache, M., & Bhabha, J. (2020). Anti-Roma Racism is Spiraling during COVID-19 Pandemic. Health and Human Rights, 22(1), 379–382. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32669824
Singh, R., & Subedi, M. (2020). COVID-19 and stigma: Social discrimination towards frontline healthcare providers and COVID-19 recovered patients in Nepal. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102222
Sobri, M., Nursaptini, N., Widodo, A., & Sutisna, D. (2019). Pembentukan karakter disiplin siswa melalui kultur sekolah. Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 6(1), 61–71. https://doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v6i1.26912
Sutisna, D., Komara, E., Widodo, A., & Erfan, M. (2020). Actualization Of Wuku Taun Tradition In The Midst 0f Modernization ( A Case Study To The Peoples Of Cikondang Traditional Village In Pangalengan , Bandung ). Civic-Culture: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan PKn Dan Sosial Budaya, 4(2), 350–367. Retrieved from http://jurnal.stkippgri-bkl.ac.id/index.php/CC/article/view/319/305
Watkins, J. (2020). Preventing a covid-19 pandemic. The BMJ, 368(February), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m810
Widodo, A. (2020a). Nilai Budaya Ritual Perang Topat Sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran IPS Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Sekolah Dasar. Gulawentah:Jurnal Studi Sosial, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25273/gulawentah.v5i1.6359
Widodo, A. (2020b). Penyimpangan Perilaku Sosial Ditinjau dari Teori Kelekatan Bowlby (Studi Kasus Terhadap Anak Tenaga Kerja Wanita di Lombok Barat). ENTITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Dan Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 2(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ejpis.v1i2.3187
Widodo, A. (2020c). Teror Informasi dan Perilaku Mahasiswa Dalam Penggunaan Media Sosial Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Civic-Culture : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan PKN Dan Sosial Budaya, 4(1), 45–58. Retrieved from http://jurnal.stkippgri-bkl.ac.id/index.php/CC/article/view/364
Widodo, A., Akbar, S., & Sujito, S. (2017). Analisis nilai-nilai falsafah Jawa dalam buku pitutur luhur budaya Jawa karya Gunawan Sumodiningrat sebagai sumber belajar pada pembelajaran IPS. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pendidikan IPS (JPPI), 11(2), 152–179. Retrieved from http://ejournal.unikama.ac.id/index.php/JPPI/article/download/1887/1489/
Zhai, Y., & Du, X. (2020). Mental health care for international Chinese students affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30089-4